Optical projection apparatus.



Draflsman PATENTED JULY 7, 1903.

J. SZGZEPANIK. OPTICAL PROJECTION APPARATUS.

APPLIUATIOE FILED MAR. 19, 1900.

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W w W No. 733,090. PATENTED JULY v. 1903.

S2 PANIK. OPTICAL PROJECTION APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 19. 1900.

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No. 733,090. PATENTED JULY 7, 1903. J. SZOZEPANIK.

OPTICAL PROJECTION APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED IAB..19.1900

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UNITED STATES Patented July '7, 1903.

PATENT OFFICE.

JAN SZOZEPANIK, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUNGARY, ASSIGNOR TO SOOIETE DESINVENTIONS, JAN SZCZEPANIK & OIE., OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA-HUN- GARY, A FIRM.

OPTICAL PROJECTION APPARATUS.

SIPEGLFICATION forming part of Letters Patent N 0. 733.090, dated July7, 1903. Application filed March 19, 1900. Serial No. 9,328- No modeldTo all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, JAN SZCZEP.-XNIK,:LSU1)- jcct of the Emperor ofAustria-Hungary, residing at Vienna, in the Province of Lower Aus- 5tria, in the Empire of Austria-Hungary,have

invented certain new and useful Improvements in Optical ProjectionApparatus; and I do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear,and exact description of the invention,

such as will enable others skilled in the art to which it appertains tomake and usethe same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings,and to letters and figures of reference marked thereon, which form apart of I 5 this specification.

This invention relates to apparatus for taking a number of negatives ofthe same object, either simultaneously or not, as desired, in order tomake positives of dilferent value,

and when these positives are placed in suitable relative positions andprimary-colored lights" passed through them the projected image of suchpositives will be accurately superposed on a suitable screen to form asharp well-defined picture in natural colors.

Other features and applications of the device Will be fully explained inthe following description.

The principle involved consists in dividing the light collected by anobjective lens into a number of parts and taking a photograph with thelight of each part suitably modified, if desired, developing each plate,forming a positive, uniting the colored projections of the positivesfrom sources of light near eachpositive and before these colored lightsreach the common projecting lensin other words, reversing the order ofprocedure for taking the negatives.

Referring to the drawings, in which like parts are similarly designated,Figure 1 shows in section an apparatus for making two picturessimultaneously from the same object, the images being reflected into acommon plane. Fig. 2 is a section of a similar device for simultaneouslytaking and projecting three pictures. Fig. .3 is a section on line A Bof Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a perspective view, Fig. 5 a side elevation, andFig. 6 a plan view, showing the development in dotted lines of thereflector. Fig. 7 is a section on line C D of Fig. 5, and Fig. 8 is asection of a device similar to Fig. 1 when the images are reflected inparallel planes.

In the following description the words lens and objective are to beunderstood to include all those forms of devices known as lenses,whether they be single lenses or combinations of single lenses organizedto act as a unit.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 8, a Z; represent the object; o, the lens,suitably mounted in its cell; (1 f, the diaphragm position; 0, the pointof union of the two reflecting-surfaces or dividing-mirrors g and h andlocated in the optical axis 4 0. The reflecting-surfaces may be mirrorsor prisms, as desired. j k are lenses organized to be focused onsensitive media located in the picture planes that will be locatedopposite to one another, as shown at m and 11. However, if it bedesirable to project both images in the same plane it will then benecessary to reflect them a second time by means of reflecting-mirrors 56, Fig. 1, the two images being indicated then at r and y. It is obviousthat by reason of the equal inclination of the reflectors g and h to theoptical axis and the two substantially equal lenses j k the images ,at mand n will be of the same intensity, and if these two images arereflected into a common plane by mirrors equally inclined to the opticalaxis these images will also be of equal intensity. The advantages ofsuch a construction are obvious. Two pictures can be obtainedsimultaneously 8 of the same object. Color-screens can be placed beforeeach plate to produce negatives differing in color value. From thesenegatives positives can be made and placed in the proper position,either behind or in front of 0 the color-screens, light passed throughthe negatives and screens to the dividing-mirrors, from which the raysare reflected and united before reaching and being condensed by the lenscommon to said dividing-mirrors. In the taking of the negatives there isa single source of light (01), say, of unit intensity, a certainquantity of which passes through the lens and is -separated into twoparts by the mirrors or-"refiecting-surfaces g h, which by re- :00

flection and refraction (leaving aside the effect of color-screens) isgreatly diminished in intensity, so that it will require a somewhatlonger exposure when making two pictures with this apparatus than inmaking asingle picture by means of the lens c alone. Yow when theapparatus is used for projection there are two sources of light, onebehind each diapositive, of, say, equal intensity, usually much greaterthan the light which acted on the negative, and these two are combinedbefore they reach the projection-lens, which condenses the light anddistributes it again over the screen, producing a very sharpwell-defined picture which when color-screens are used can be in twocolors. A further advantage is found in ordinary photography forfocusing cameras where ordinary finders do not enable the photographerto tell whether the picture is in focus or whether a moving object is inthe desired position on the plate. This is easily accomplished byplacing the plate-holder in the picture plane of one of the images and aground glass in the other and focusing on the ground glass, atbulb-operated shutter being fitted to the lens opposite the plate. Whenthe object moves across the field and is in about the dc sired positionon the ground glass, the instantaneous exposure is made. Furthermore,two exposures can be made on different plates with different-sizedstops, insuring exactly the same illumination of the object.

In case illumination from the surface of the object is necessary, as theinterior of the eye, one half of the system is used for illumination andthe other half for photographing, the source of light being placed, say,at 712-, the plate at n, and the object at a Z), Fig. 8. If the eye beplaced at or about the position of the object a b, the source of lightat m, and the sensitized plate opposite the lens is, then the light atat will be focused on the mirror or prism face 72-, be reflected throughthe upper part of the lens a, and focused in the eye, while thelowerpart of lens 0 will focus the image of the illuminated portion onthe mirror or prism face g, which latter reflects it through the lens isto be focused on the sensitized plate opposite at n.

In order to make three negatives simultaneously taken throughprimary-color screens and to reproduce pictures in natural colors, theapparatus shown in Figs. 2 and 7 is shown as an example. Thecamera-front R has an opening 7', in which is mounted the main lens orobjective 0 in a suitable cell, (Z f being the diaphragm-opening, andbehind this opening is located three dividing mirrors or reflectors g h'i, symmetrically arranged with respect to the optical axis 0 l.Opposite each of the three mirrors is a lens j k l and openingss in acasing S, that surrounds the lenses and the reflectors, and oppositeeach lens is a reflector O p g, from each of which an image is reflectedto a plate located behind its proper colorscreen. (Not shown.)Thedividing mirrors or reflectors 9 hi are trapezoidal mirrors, eachhaving an inclined edge running from the optical axis to the triangularbase-that is, they are arranged like the faces of a tetrahedron and hereshown as a regular tetrahedron, each side of which is extended at oneedge by a portion '2', so that the form of each side will be a trapeziumor trapezoid. Thus a regular tetrahedron is composed of four equaltriangular faces, and Fig. 6 shows the developed surface in dottedlines, where 7 8 9 represent the triangular base, and 7 o 9 one of thetriangular sides extended by the portion 7 o 1, so that the three sideswhen placed together will appear in plan as shown in full lines in saidFig. 6. Fig. 7 shows a top plan view of the figure truncated on the line0 D of Fig. 5. The upper edges of the dividing-mirrors o 0 0 will dividethe light coming through the diaphragm-opening (Z f into three equalparts.

It is not deemed necessary to show shutter arrangements, colorscreens, 7or plates, as these are details of construction well known incamera-makin g and can be arranged in any desired manner.

In using this apparatus for projecting pictures three colored picturesare united, and the optical axes of the auxiliary lensesj Z arereflected so as to unite into acommon axis 0 4, thus producing aremarkably sharp and well-defined colored picture in which thesuperposition seems perfect. Variations of exposure when color-screensare used, may be made by suitable stops located at the opening s in thecasing S.

I do not limitmyself to the taking of two or three picturessimultaneously, as any number can be taken by suitably dividing thelight passing through the lens 0 by means of pyramidally-arrangeddividing-mirrors with extended sides, and it is obvious that instead ofusing a pyramid having three sides, as shown in Figs. l to 0, I can usesuch having more than three sides and constructed in a manner similar tothat described in relation to Figs. at to 7.

By means of this apparatus it is also possible by using a suitableshutter properly timed to project successively from a number ofkinematographic plates or films several images one after another, thechanging of the several plates taking place after all the plates havebeen illuminated, thus avoiding the movement of the films bringing thesuccessive pictures into View and avoiding the usual blurring of thepicture due to the movement of the films in kinematographs.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new therein,anddesireto secure by 1 2. In an optical instrument, the combination with alens, of a plurality of reflectors organized to divide the light comingfrom said lens into equal parts, an auxiliary lens organized to focusthe light reflected from each reflector, substantially as and for thepurpose set forth.

3. In an optical instrument, the combination with an objective lens, ofa plurality of auxiliary lenses and an equal number of mirrors organizedto deflect rays through all the optical axes of the auxiliar Y lensesinto the optical axis of the objective and vice versa, substantially asand for the purpose set forth.

4. In an optical instrument, the combination with an objective, aplurality of auxiliary lenses and an equal number of mirrors, saidmirrors organized to reflect rays in the optical axes of the objective,means for focusing the auxiliary lenses, a source of light near one ofthe auxiliary lenses whereby light is deflected through the objective tothe object and the image defined by the remaining auxiliary lenses,substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

5. In an optical instrument, the combination with an objective, of aplurality of auxiliary lenses, an equal number of reflectors arranged todivide the light from the objective into as many parts as there areauxiliary lenses and to reflect said light through the respectiveauxiliary lenses, and an auxiliary reflector for each auxiliary lens,whereby all the images may be reflected into substantially the sameplane, substantially as set forth.

6. In an optical instrument, the combination with an objective, of aplurality of auxiliary lenses, a faceted reflector arrangedsymmetrically to the optical axis of the objective and to deflect animage from each face through an auxiliary lens, means for reflecting allthe images from said lenses to sensitized media, and means for focusingthe auxiliary lenses, substantially as set forth.

7. In an optical instrument, the combination with an objective, of aplurality of auxiliary lenses, afaceted refleetorarranged to deflectlight through each of the auxiliary lenses to produce images of equalintensity,stops controlling the auxiliary lenses and means for focusingthe latter, substantiallyas and for the purpose set forth.

8. Aprojection apparatus comprising acoL lecting-lens, means fordeflecting the light from a plurality of simultaneously-lightedlantern-slides into a common field of light, all the images superposedbefore passing through the collector, substantially and for the purposeset forth.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I have signed myname in presence of two subscribing Witnesses.

JAN SZCZEPANIK.

Witnesses:

ALVESTO P. HOGUE, Anousr FUGGER.

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